A Qualitative Study Exploring Mental Health Challenges, Coping Strategies, and Social Support Among Flood Victims

Abstract

Floods, as one of the natural disasters, can lead to significant property loss, disruption of communities, and immense suffering. The recent flood disaster in Pakistan has proven catastrophic, with many structures either washed away or severely damaged, resulting in considerable property loss. Beyond the physical devastation, the psychological impact on the affected individuals is profound; many are struggling with PTSD, depression, anxiety, and other related mental health issues. This investigation aims to identify the challenges faced by flood victims and explore ways to address them. It also seeks to examine strategies that can help individuals cope with the trauma caused by the floods. Data were collected through face-to-face structured interviews with 15 participants—10 males and 5 females—residing in South Punjab's Dera Ghazi Khan (DGK) district. Insights gained from these interviews revealed three major themes and six minor ones. The three primary areas of concern identified were the challenges faced due to the flood, the support systems available to victims, and the coping mechanisms they utilized. The study indicated that the floods contribute to the development of psychological disorders, including PTSD, depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts among the affected individuals.  Key coping strategies identified included support systems, religious coping, and acceptance, which have all been shown to improve the management of the psychological effects of the disaster for victims. This paper contributes to a limited body of research that focuses on coping mechanisms and mental health factors relevant to flood victims. The study has important implications for policy-makers and higher authorities.